02147nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245006900055210006500124260002900189300001200218490000800230520157800238653001801816653002401834653002501858100002701883856005501910       2012                        eng d  a1095-833900aThe diversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae0 adiversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a222-2440 v1693 aThe pollination biology of Annonaceae has received considerable attention, with data now available for > 45% of the genera (or genus-equivalent clades) included in recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. This provides a basis for understanding evolutionary shifts in the pollination system within the family. The present study focuses on subfamilies Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae and Annonoideae, for which robust, well-resolved phylogenetic trees are available. Information is summarized on the pollination biology of individual clades and the evolutionary adaptations favouring different pollinator guilds evaluated. Although the majority of species of Annonaceae are pollinated by small beetles, five other pollinator groups are known: large beetles, thrips, flies, bees and cockroaches. Small-beetle pollination is inferred as the ancestral pollination system, with all other systems being derived. Evolutionary shifts to pollination by large beetles, thrips and flies are unlikely to have been significantly constrained by previous adaptations favouring pollination by small beetles, as many of the adaptations to these different pollinator guilds are similar (including protogyny, partially enclosed floral chambers and olfactory cues). In contrast, however, the evolutionary shift to bee pollination has presumably been constrained by both protogyny (as pollen-collecting bees are unlikely to visit pistillate-phase flowers) and the presence of floral chambers. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 222–244.10acantharophily10apollination ecology10areproductive biology1 aSaunders, Richard, M K  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01208.x